The Russian Orthodox Church celebrates Christmas on January 7, which is 13 days after December 25. This difference in dates is due to the church’s adherence to the Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, rather than the Gregorian calendar, which is used by most of the Western world. To understand the significance of this date, it’s essential to explore the historical context and cultural practices surrounding Russian Orthodox Christmas.
The Russian Orthodox Church continued to use the Julian calendar for calculating the date of Christmas, even after many Eastern Orthodox churches adopted the Revised Julian calendar in 1924, which is more aligned with the Gregorian calendar used internationally today. As a result, the Russian Orthodox Christmas falls on January 7.
Historical Significance of the Julian Calendar in Russian Orthodox Tradition
The adherence to the Julian calendar is not merely a matter of calendar preference but is deeply rooted in the religious and cultural identity of the Russian Orthodox Church. The decision to maintain the Julian calendar reflects the church’s commitment to tradition and its historical continuity with the early Christian practices.
Continuity with Early Christianity: The Julian calendar was in use during the time of the early Christian Church. By continuing to use it, the Russian Orthodox Church maintains a direct link to the apostolic era and the traditions established by the early Christians.
Liturgical Significance: The Julian calendar is intricately tied to the liturgical year of the Russian Orthodox Church. The calendar influences the timing and celebration of various religious observances and feasts throughout the year, not just Christmas.
Cultural Identity: For many Russians, celebrating Christmas according to the Julian calendar is an important part of their cultural and religious heritage. It distinguishes their observance from that of Western Christians and connects them with a broader Orthodox community.
Celebrating Russian Orthodox Christmas
The celebration of Christmas in the Russian Orthodox tradition is a rich and multifaceted event that encompasses a variety of religious and cultural practices. The festivities begin with a period of fasting, known as the Nativity Fast, which precedes Christmas and is a time for spiritual preparation.
Key Elements of Russian Orthodox Christmas Celebrations
- Christmas Eve Services: On Christmas Eve (January 6), the Russian Orthodox Church holds special services, including the Royal Hours and Vespers combined with the Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great.
- Traditional Foods: The celebration involves traditional foods, with the breaking of the fast after the Christmas Eve service. The meal typically includes 12 courses, symbolizing the 12 apostles.
- Midnight Liturgy: Many parishes hold a midnight liturgy on Christmas, which is a solemn and beautiful service filled with hymns and prayers.
Cultural Practices and Traditions
Russian Orthodox Christmas is also marked by various cultural practices and traditions. These include:
- Caroling: Groups of people, often dressed in traditional clothing, go from house to house singing Christmas carols, known as “koliada.”
- Family Gatherings: Christmas is a time for family reunions, with many people returning to their hometowns or gathering with relatives.
- Traditional Decorations: Homes and churches are decorated with icons, candles, and evergreen branches, symbolizing eternal life and spiritual renewal.
Modern-Day Celebrations
While the Russian Orthodox Christmas retains its traditional essence, modern celebrations also incorporate contemporary elements. The festivities are not limited to religious services but extend into the broader cultural landscape, with public events, concerts, and media coverage.
FAQ Section
Why does the Russian Orthodox Church celebrate Christmas on January 7?
+The Russian Orthodox Church celebrates Christmas on January 7 because it follows the Julian calendar, which was introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE. This calendar is currently 13 days behind the Gregorian calendar used by most of the world.
What are some traditional foods eaten during Russian Orthodox Christmas?
+Traditional Russian Orthodox Christmas foods include a variety of dishes, with a special emphasis on a 12-course meal on Christmas Eve, symbolizing the 12 apostles. Common dishes include soups, fish, meat, and various traditional Russian delicacies.
How do people typically celebrate Russian Orthodox Christmas?
+Celebrations include attending church services, such as the Royal Hours and Vespers on Christmas Eve, followed by a festive meal. Midnight liturgy on Christmas is also a significant part of the celebrations. Additionally, people engage in traditional activities like caroling and family gatherings.
